ABSTRACT
The
study investigated the causes and effects
of
poor nutrition among
children under the age of
15 years: A case study of
Egor
local
government area of
Edo
state, Nigeria. This study used survey design to find out the
causes and effects of poor nutrition on children and simple random sampling was
used to select the sample. The instrument used for data collection was
structured questionnaires; the questionnaires were developed based on the
objectives of the research work experienced. The result showed that the level of
education of parents are not adequate 35 (17.5% ) malnourishment of children in the area ranked second 25 (12.5%)
followed by lack of adequate education of parents affects the
nutrition of their children 120 60%) therefore level of education of parents contribute to poor nutrition of
their children it can be seen that
poor
nutrition reduces the
intelligence of
children under the age of
15 years The children were not eating
balanced Diet 84 (42%)
was the highest problem associated with poor nutrition which lead to poor
academic performance of children 68 (34%) also
some children in the area are not
even going to school 28 (14%) and the wisdom of children were too poor 20 (10%).The
Medical
staff in the location always create awareness on the importance of good nutrition 150 (75%) while
50 (25%) agreed that Poverty is the
major cause of poor nutrition. Poor nutrition among children is a major public health
problem, it is a critical problem because its effects are long lasting and go
beyond childhood. It has both short and long term consequences.
CHAPTER ONE:
1.1
INTRODUCTION
1.2 Theoretical Framework 1.3 The Statement of Problem
1.4 Purpose of the Research
1.5
Research Questions
1.6
Significant of the study
1.7
Limitations of the study
1.8
Scope of the study
1.9
Operational definition of terms
CHAPTER
TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Poor nutrition at different ages
2.2 Unborn
and newborn babies
2.3 Low
birth weight
2.4 Infants and young children
2.5 Inadequate
breastfeeding means
2.6 School-age children and youths
2.7 Babies aged 0 – 6 months
2.8 Children aged 6 months to 5 years
2. 9 School-age children
2.1.0 Benefits of Healthy Eating
2.1.1 Consequences of a Poor Diet
2.1.2 Eating Behaviors of Young People
2.1.3 Measures for detecting poor nutrition
2.1.4 Effects later in life
2.1.5 Causes of poor nutrition
2.1.6 Inadequate food intake
2.1.7 Kwashiorkor
2.1.8 Marasmus
2.1.9
Under nutrition, hunger
2.2.0 Sanitation
2.2.1 Social inequality
2.2.2 Diseases
2.2.3 Maternal factors
2.2.4 Prevention
2.2.5 Treatment of poor nutrition
2.2.6 Micronutrients
2.2.7 Low blood sugar
2.2.8 Epidemiology
CHAPTER THREE: MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Introduction
3.2
Research Design
3.3
Population of study
3.4
Sampling Procedure
3.5
Instrumentation
3.6
Data Collection
3.7
Data Analysis
CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS, ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1 Introduction
4.2
Discussion of Results
4.3
Summary of findings
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Implication of the study
5.3 Recommendations
5.4 Suggestion for further studies
5.5 Conclusion
References
Appendix
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Theoretical framework
Nutrition is
the science that interprets the interaction of nutrients and
other substances in food in
relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and
disease of an organism (Amsalu,
2008). It includes food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism, and excretion.
The diet of an
organism is what it eats, which is largely determined by the availability and palatability of
foods. For humans, a healthy diet
includes preparation
of food and storage methods that preserve nutrients from
oxidation, heat or leaching, and that reduce risk of foodborne illnesses.
In
humans, an unhealthy diet can cause deficiency-related diseases such as blindness, anemia, scurvy, preterm birth, stillbirth and cretinism, or
nutrient excess health-threatening conditions such as obesity and metabolic
syndrome; and such common chronic systemic diseases as cardiovascular
disease, diabetes, and osteoporosis (Bloss et al., 2004). Poor nutrition can
lead to wasting in
acute cases, and the stunting of marasmus in
chronic cases of malnutrition.
Poor nutrition in children is common
globally and may result in both short and long term irreversible negative
health outcomes. The World
Health Organization (WHO) estimates that malnutrition
accounts for 54 percent of child mortality worldwide, about 1 million
children. Another estimate also by WHO states that childhood underweight is the
cause for about 35% of all deaths of children under the age of five years
worldwide.
The main causes are unsafe water, inadequate sanitation or
insufficient hygiene, factors related to society and poverty, diseases, maternal
factors, gender issues and overall poverty.
Poor nutrition occurs
when people do not eat (or absorb) enough nutrients to cover their needs for
energy and growth, or to maintain a healthy immune system (Chinedu, 2018) . Micronutrient deficiencies are
a sub-category of undernutrition and occur when the body lacks one or more
micronutrients (e.g. iron, iodine, zinc, vitamin A or folate). These
deficiencies usually affect growth and immunity but some cause specific
clinical conditions such as anaemia (iron deficiency), hypothyroidism (iodine
deficiency) or xerophthalmia (vitamin A deficiency).
1.3
Statement Of Problem
Poor nutrition in children is a common
global problem and may result in both
short and long term irreversible negative health outcomes, it normally affect
children because they are in a period of rapid growth that increases the demand
for calories and proteins. In recent times poor nutrition causes a variety of
different health problems in both adults and children. Poor nutrition can result from failure to eat enough or failure to choose the right kinds of foods it is in view of making recommendations on amounts to
consume from each food groups to attain proper nutrition
1.4
Purpose of the study
To
investigate the effect and causes of poor nutrition among children under the
age of
15 years: A case study of
Egor
local
government area of
Edo
state.
1.5
Research questions
1. Does level of education of parents contribute to poor nutrition in children.
2. Do you know that poor nutrition reduces the
intelligence of
children under the age of
15 years.
3. Do you know that poor nutrition can lead to death of a child and also exposes children
to
some
diseases.
4. Does good nutrition and proper feeding of children under the
age of
15years , important in developing children intellectual.
5. Do you know that poverty
and social
economic status of
parents are the major causes of
poor nutrition in children under the age of 15 years.
1.6
Significance of the study
The
significance of the study is to create awareness on the devastating effects of
poor nutrition on children under the age of 15 years and to educate parents on
the control and elimination of poor
nutrition on children.
1.7
Limitations of the study
In
carrying out this research, the researcher experienced some set backs and some
cases were crippled by many factors, some of which are:
1.
Time factor.
2.
The geographical area to cover from the research which is practically too much.
3.
Financial constraint – this was the major constraint basically in this work ,
because of the economic depression in the country.
1.8
Scope of the study
The
scope of the study will cover the problems caused by poor nutrition on children.
The study will reach some women and young children under the age of 15 years
old (both primary and post primary school
children).
1.9 Operational definition of terms
·
Malnutrition:
lack of adequate nourishment.
·
Balanced
diet: a diet consisting of suitable proportions of foods from all clases of food.
·
Marasmus:
any wasting disease, especially a severe loss of body weight in children,
caused by malnutrition or the inability to digest protein.
·
Calorific
value: the amount of energy produced by the compete combustion of a material or
fuel measured in units of energy per amount of material eg kJ/kg.
·
Overnutrition:
a form of malnutrition in which nutrients are oversupplied relative to the
amounts required for normal growth, development and metabolism.
·
Undernutrition:
inadequate nutrition , either due to a lack of food, or to the inability of the
body to absorb its nutrients.
·
Absorption:
the process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are
absorbed and conveyed to the
tissues and organs, taking in by various means, such as by osmosis.
·
Assimilation : the
metabolic conversion of nutrients into
tissues.
·
Biosynthesis:
the synthesis of organic compounds within a living organism, especially
the synthesis of
large compounds from
small ones.
·
Catabolism: the release of
energy and breakdown of materials.
·
Excretion:
the process of removing or ejecting materials that has
no further utility especially
from the body, the act of
excreting.
Department | Biology |
Project ID Code | BIO0021 |
Chapters | 5 Chapters |
No of Pages | 45 pages |
Methodology | Null |
Reference | YES |
Format | Microsoft Word |
Price | ₦4000, $15 |
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Contact Us On | +2349067372103 |
Contact Us On | +2349094562208 |
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